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Is anything harder than a diamond? 5nvklj





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    Is anything harder than a diamond?

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    Post by Dragon Sun Oct 15, 2023 11:35 pm

    Diamonds are prized for their hardness. In jewelry, they can last generations and resist scratches during day-to-day wear. As blades or drill bits, they can penetrate almost anything without getting destroyed.

    As a powder, diamonds polish up gemstones, metals and other materials.

    So is anything harder than diamond?

    It turns out, figuring out the answer is, well, a bit hard.

    For most practical purposes, diamond is still the hardest material, said Richard Kaner, a materials chemist at the University of California, Los Angeles.

    There are ways to create diamonds that are harder than standard gem diamonds.

    And there are other materials that might theoretically be harder than diamond, but they don't exist in a form that you could hold in your hand or use widely.


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    Post by Dragon Sun Oct 15, 2023 11:36 pm



    How are Diamonds Made?

    Diamonds are made out of carbon — highly organized carbon, that is.

    Geologists are still guessing how diamonds formed in the Earth from 1 billion to 3 billion years ago.


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    Post by Dragon Sun Oct 15, 2023 11:41 pm

    A prime contender for a material harder than diamond is lonsdaleite. Like diamond, lonsdaleite is made up of carbon atoms, but they are arranged into a hexagonal crystal structure instead of a cubic one.

    Until recently, it had been found in such tiny quantities, mostly inside meteorites, that it wasn't clear whether it counted as a stand-alone material or if it was just a defect in the standard diamond crystal structure.

    Recently, a team of scientists found micron-size lonsdaleite crystals in meteorites — still tiny, but much bigger crystals than previous finds.

    Other scientists have reported making lonsdaleite in the lab, though the crystals existed for only a fraction of a second.

    So lonsdaleite is intriguing, but it won't be replacing diamond for applications like cutting, drilling or polishing anytime soon.


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    Post by Dragon Sun Oct 15, 2023 11:43 pm




    The hexagonal form of diamond, also known as lonsdaleite, was discovered in the Canyon Diablo meteorite.

    Now, scientists report the synthesis of almost pure lonsdaleite in a diamond anvil cell at 100 GPa and 400 °C.

    Lonsdaleite is named after the famous British pioneering female crystallographer Dame Kathleen Lonsdale, who was the first woman elected as a Fellow to the Royal Society.


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    Post by Dragon Sun Oct 15, 2023 11:45 pm

    Lonsdaleite (named in honour of Kathleen Lonsdale), also called hexagonal diamond in reference to the crystal structure, is an allotrope of carbon with a hexagonal lattice, as opposed to the cubical lattice of conventional diamond.

    It is found in nature in meteorite debris; when meteors containing graphite strike the Earth, the immense heat and stress of the impact transforms the graphite into diamond, but retains graphite's hexagonal crystal lattice.

    Lonsdaleite was first identified in 1967 from the Canyon Diablo meteorite, where it occurs as microscopic crystals associated with ordinary diamond.


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    Post by Dragon Sun Oct 15, 2023 11:47 pm

    Is anything harder than a diamond? 640px-Popigai_nanodiamonds
    By Hiroaki Ohfuji

    Diamond samples from the Popigai impact structure: (a) is pure diamond, while (b) is diamond with some lonsdaleite impurities.


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